Jacquard mechanism carrying pile to the back



March 31, 1959 T. A. DOYLE 2,879,805

JACQUARD MECHANISM CARRYING FILE TO THE BACK Filed Jan. 30, 1953 2 Sheets-Sheet l MAS A. 00m;

l I W INVENTOR. Elf 1a.

A TTORNE Y$ March 3151959 'r. A. DOYLE JACQUARD MECHAiIISM CARRYING FILE TO THE BACK )Filed Jan. so, 1953 '2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Un t d W8 Pa n "ic Thomas A. Doyle, Philadelphia, Pa., assignor to C. H. .Masland and Sons, Carlisle, Pa'., a corporation of Pennsylvania Application lanuary BO, l9 3, Serial'N0. 334,233 3 Claims. (Cl. 139-59) The presentinventio'n'relates to jacquard weaving and 'particiilarly'to weaving of pile fabrics such as carpets in which the'pile is bound beneath wefts at the back of the fabric'in order to secure more adequate anchorage.

- -A purpose of'the invention is to simplify thewe'aving of pile fabrics in which the pile is carried through to the back.

A further purpose is to weave pile fabrics carried through to the back using a jacquard mechanism which moves the lash "knife and the grating or comberboa'rd equal distances.

'Afurther purposeis to form the pile by moving the lash knife up and the grate down from an intermediate selecting positionand to place aback weftbymoving the 'gra'te'clownfro'm an intermediate selecting position while holding thelashk'nife at the'intermediate selecting'posi- 'tion.

Afiirther purpose is to fullyraise theselected pile warp ends, fully lower the rejected binder warp ends, fully'low'er the stutter warp ends, raise one pile warp half way, lower the other binder warp, thus forming an upper shed and a lower she'd, insert a shot of weft in the lower shed, insert a wire in the upper shed, retain the binder warps unchanged, fully lower the former selectedpile warpends, raise all other pile warp endshalf w ay,'raisethe stutter warp half way, thus forming a lower shed, insert'a .shot of weft in the lower shed and continue weaving,- optionally raising some or all of the former selecte'd'pile warp ends over the next wire and placing the rejected pile ,warp ends at the back, or optionallyraising some orall of the former rejected-pile warp ends over the next wire and placing some or allof the former selected pile warp ends at'the back.

.. 'Fur'therpurposes appear in the specification and in the claims.

In the drawings I have chosen to illustrate a few only of. the numerous'embodiments in which my invention may appear, selecting the forms shown from the standpoints .of convenience in illustration, satisfactory operation and clear demonstration of the priniciples involved. ...Figure '1 is a conventional warpwise 'weave diagram showing one weave produced by the invention.

Figure la is a view similar to Figurel showing a variation. I Eigures, 2Qto- 7 inclusive are diagrammatic side elevationsshowingthe jacquard needlesand hooks and the lashknifejand gratepositions, the views being abbreviated for the sake of economy in space.

,, Eigure. 8 is a side elevation showing the complete mechanism. ;I}escribing in,illustration but not in limitation and referring to the drawings: l

A, three, shot fabric has been produced'in theprior art for carpctapplications which are subjected to heavy wear, and in which thepile has unusually firm anchorage be a it s n' edb n ath, wat s. at the back. of... the

mechanism in order to secure the required sheds.

2,879,805 Patented Mar. 31,

The present invention 'is calculated to produce a fabric in which the pile is carried through to the back, 'b'ut by the use of a simplified jacquard mechanism, and using only two shots, thus increasing production.

In accordance with the invention, unike usual jacquard mechanism, in which the lash knife has twice the range of movement of the grate, the grate is desirably'manipulated through the same vertical distance as the lash knife 'andthe sheds are formed by relative'movement of the two. Selection'is desirably accomplishedin aninte'rniediate position achieved by moving the grate up and the lash knife down, desirably through equaldistances. After selection for the pile, the lash knife moves up withtlie selected ends'and the" grate moves down with'th'e rejected ends.

At the'next step the lash knife moves down andthe grate up, desirably through equal distances to the selectingposition, and then while the lash knife stays down the grate moves down again carrying the rejected'ends to'the back.

. Thus if we consider the actual weave produced,the selected pile warp ends are fully raised, the rejected pile warp ends are fully lowered, the stulfer warp isfully lowered, one binder warp is raised half way and the other binder warp (where two binder warps are being used rather than one) is lowered, thus forming an upper shed and a lower shed. A wire is inserted in theup'per shed and a shot of Weft is inserted in the lower shed. With the binder warps in the same position, the former selected pile warp ends are carried to the back, the former rejected pile warp ends are raised half way and the stuffer warp is raised half way, thus forming a lower shed, in which a shot of weft is taken. In the subsequent operations, either the former selected pile warp ends or some of them will be raised in the pile, and the former rejected pile warp ends will be lowered, repeating What went on before, or the former rejected pile warp ends orsome of them are raised in the pile, and the former selected pile warp ends or some of them are carried to the back, joining the rejected ends, and following the procedure regarding the rejected ends at the next weft.

Considering now the drawings in detail, Figure 8 illustrates a jacquard mechanism which is modified to conform with the present invention. The jacquard constitutes an 'upper frame 20 mounting a jacquard mechanism 21 having end frames 22 in which are vertically slidably mounted an upper grid 23 and a lower grid 24. The jacquard mechanism comprises lash needles '25 and 26 (only two of many needles are shown) which are suitably mounted for reciprocation and urged toward the card by spiral compression springs 27 acting from a spring abutment 28 against projections 36 on the needles as well known- Each of the needles has a selecting projection 31 which extends out into the path of a cooperating hook to deflect the hook when the needle is displaced. A jacquard cylinder 29carries a succession .Of cards 29 which engage the needles when the cylinder is, moved in against them as well known. ,Two cards are required in Weaving each cycle of the present fabric. The mechanism here under discussion is of the character in which the needle is selected by punching a hole 'in the card which allows the needle to retain a selecting position when the'cardmoves in toward the needles, whereas the needle is rejected byfailing to punch a hole in the card at that point, in which case the needle is deflected to the right as shown in Figures 3 and 6, moving it from its normal position to a position of rejection.

, Each of the lash needles 25 or 26 cooperates with one of the lash hooks 32 or 32' suitably of resilient metal wire (there i s a lash needle'and -a lash hook forfeverypile warp end injthe fabric) and the lash hooks are suitably guided to move up and down and extend down into the loom to support lingoe heddles 33 and 33' having suitable eyes as shown. Each lash book includes suitably at the top a lash knife hook end 34, which in selected position at a proper stage in the weave hooks over lash knife 23 which forms part of the upper grid 23 previously described.

Each lash hook branches and suitably below the lash knife hook end carries a grate hook end 35 which is conveniently formed on a branch 36 of the lash hook so that adequate lateral flexibility of the lash hook is retained. This engages at proper positions over the grate 24' which forms part of the lower grid 24.

The card cylinder 29 is reciprocated back and forth with respect to the adjoining ends of the needles. The card cylinder 29 is mounted for reciprocation in the usual manner in bearings 37 carried on the ends of axially mov' able rods 38 slidably mounted in sliding bearings 39 in the frame 22 of the jacquard mechanism, and the usual hooks 40 are provided for turning the cylinder one step at a time for each reciprocation of the cylinder toward and away from the needles 25 and 26.

The cylinder is reciprocated by operating rods 41 connected at one end to the housings of bearings 37 on the cylinder supporting rods 38, the opposite ends of the operating rods 41 being connected to the outer ends of levers 42. The levers 42 are fixed on a rock shaft 43 rotatably mounted in a frame 44 supported by the superstructure 20.

On the rock shaft 43 is a lever 45 the other end of which is operatively connected to a suitable link 46 driven by the loom as well known in the art.

The lash knife and the grate move differently but through equal strokes in the preferred embodiment. The upper grid 23 carrying the lash knife 23 is pivotally connected at each of its opposite ends by links 47 to one end of each of the levers 48 mounted on and rockable with a rock shaft 50 having bearings support 011 the frame 44. An opposite end on one lever 48 is pivotally connected by the link 51 for operation of the lash knife from the loom in well known manner.

The lower grid 24 having the grate 24 is operatively connected at each of its ends by the link 52 to one end of each of the levers 53. The levers 53 are rigidly secured to a rock shaft 54 which is rotatably mounted in the frame 44. One of the levers 53 is provided at its opposite end with a pull rod 55 operatively connected to be manipulated by the loom in well known manner.

Considering now the weave of Figure l as produced by the jacquard mechanism of Figures 2 to 7, it will be evident in Figure l that at the position at which weft shot 56 is inserted, binder wrap 57 is raised half way by reason of raising its binder warp heddle, binder warp 58 is lowered by lowering its binder warp heddle, stutter warp 60 is lowered by reason of lowering the stulfer warp heddle, selected pile warp ends 61 are fully raised and rejected pile warp ends 62 are fully lowered. Thus an upper shed 63 and a lower shed 64 are formed. A wire 65 is inserted in the upper shed and a shot of weft 56 is taken in the lower shed.

The shed mechanism which accomplishes this arrangement for the pile warp ends is shown in Figures 2 to 7. The binder and stutter warp ends are manipulated by the usual heddles. In Figure 2 the lash knife is down and the grate is up, so that lash knife hook ends 34 have been brought by the grate to a poistion engaging over lash knife 23'.

Figure 3 shows a position in which the selection is being made, the cylinder and the card having moved in against the needles. Needles 25 encounter openings in the card and are selected, so that the lash knife hook ends of lash hooks 32 engage over the lash knife. Needles 26 on the other hand at this position encounter blanks in the card and are deflected to the right, deflecting lash knife book ends 34 until they miss the lash knife.

-11: the next step shown in Figure 4, the lash knife moves up to its limiting position and the grate moves down through a distance which is desirably equal, to its limiting position, so that selected lash hooks 32 are fully raised raising pile Warp ends 61 and rejected lash hooks 32' are placed at the back, lowering pile Warp ends 62, and thus forming the shedding position of weft 56 in Figure l. The card cylinder then moves away from the needles and indexes the next card.

We will now consider the formation of the shed for the next weft 66 in Figure 1. As there shown, the former selected pile warp ends 61 are fully lowered, and the former rejected pile warp ends 62 are raised half way. The shedding position of the binder warps has not changed. Stutfer warp 60 is half raised forming a lower shed 67 into which weft 66 is inserted.

Figures 5 to 7 illustrate the formation of the lower shed 67. Between Figures 4 and 5 the lash knife has moved down and the grate has moved up an equal distance to the intermediate selecting position corresponding to Figure 2. In the position of Figure 6 the card cylinder moves in and the new card engages the ends of the needles 25 and 26. Needles 25 encounter blanks and are deflected, pushing lash books 32 into rejected position. Needles 26 encounter holes in the card and are selected and held up by the lash knife. Figure 7 shows a position after the grate has moved down to its lower limiting position, while the lash knife remains in its lower limiting position. Lash hooks 32' are held half raised in the position of the pile Warp ends 62 of Figure 1, and lash hooks 32 are fully lowered in the position of the pile warp ends 61 of Figure 1.

This completes a cycle, and the weave now proceeds through a repetition of the sequence of Figures 2 to 7 as the pattern demands. Thus if the former rejected pile warp ends are to be raised in the pile, the procedure at the next shed will correspond to that at weft 68 in Figure 1. Here former rejected pile warp ends 62 are fully raised, former selected pile warp ends 61 are fully lowered, binder Warp 58 is raised half way, and binder warp 57 and stuffer warp 60 are lowered. This forms an upper shed 70 and a lower shed 71. A wire 65 is inserted in the upper shed and a weft 68 is inserted in a lower shed.

At the next weft position, the binder warps remain unchanged, pile warp ends 61 are raised half way, pile warp ends 62 are lowered and stuffer warp 60 is raised half way. A shot of weft 72 is inserted in lower shed 73.

In some cases it is desired to raise the former selected pile warp ends immediately again in the pile as shown in Figure 101. Thus at weft 68', pile warp ends 61 are fully raised, pile warp ends 62 are fully lowered, binder warp 58 is raised half way and binder warp 57 and stufier warp 60 are lowered. The wire 65 is inserted in the upper shed and the shot of weft 68' is inserted in the lower shed.

At the position of the next weft 72, the binder warps remain unchanged, pile warp ends 62 are raised half way, pile warp ends 61 are fully lowered, and stutfer warp 60 is raised half way.

It will be evident that in accordance with the present invention there are cooperative raising and lowering of the lash knife and the grate through the same distance, moving oppositely toward one another to select, and mov ing oppositely away from one another to form the pile, then moving oppositely toward one another to select, and then the grate moving down while the lash knife remains down.

Thus an unusually firm anchorage is obtained to hold the pile in the backing of the fabric.

The wires of course may be any combination of high, low, cutting, noncutting, wavy (high and low in the shed on the top of the same wire), straight or flag (projection beyond the shed at the end remote from the shed).

In view of my invention and disclosure variations and modifications to meet individual whim or particular need will doubtless become evident to others skilled in the art, I

a" .2": 3,: r1 5 f 7 *9 btai a b ft e tht.ths h t fifslhf my invefitibn W hv se r fi b n sssss an sev re wnlia I theater-e s aim el eac i. t a t fall Withinthe reasonable ,spirit and scope of my c laim s. r

Having thus describ d my i venti u, what I claimas new and desire to' secure by Letters Patent is:

a 1,- -v The method of weavinghsing ajacquard mechanism, which comprises fully raising selected pile warp ends, fully lowering rejected pile warp ends, fully lowering the stuifer warp ends, raising one binder warp half way and fully lowering the other binder warp, thus forming an upper shed and a lower shed, inserting a shot of weft in the lower shed, inserting a wire in the upper shed, retaining the binder warp positions unchanged, fully lowering the former selected pile warp ends, raising the former rejected pile warp ends half way, raising the stufler warp half way, thus forming a lower shed, and inserting a shot of weft in the lower shed.

2. The method of weaving using a jacquard mechanism, which comprises fully raising selected pile warp ends, fully lowering rejected pile warp ends, fully lowering the stuffer warp ends, raising one binder warp half way and fully lowering the other binder warp, thus forming an upper shed and a lower shed, inserting a shot of weft in the lower shed, inserting a wire in the upper shed, retaining the binder warp positions unchanged, fully lowering the former selected pile warp ends, raising the former rejected pile warp ends half way, raising the stutfer warp half way, thus forming a lower shed, inserting a shot of weft in the lower shed, fully raising at least some of the former rejected pile warp ends, fully lowering former selected pile warp ends, reversing the binder warp position, fully lowering the stuifer warp, thus forming an upper shed and a lower shed, inserting a shot of weft in the lower shed, inserting a wire in the upper shed, retaining the binder warps unchanged, fully lowering the pile warp ends which were just raised over the wire, raising all other pile warp ends half way, raising the stuffer warp half way, thus forming a lower shed, and inserting a shot of weft in the lower shed.

3. The method of weaving using a jacquard mechanism, which comprises fully raising selected pile warp ends, fully lowering rejected p'le warp ends, fully lowering the stuffer warp ends, raising one binder warp half way and fully lowering the other binder warp, thus forming an upper shed and a lower shed, inserting a shot of weft in the lower shed, inserting a wire in the upper shed, retaining the binder warp positions unchanged, fully lowering the former selected pile warp ends, raising the former rejected pile warp ends half way, raising the stuffer warp half way, thus forming a lower shed, inserting a shot of weft in the lower shed, fully raising at least some of the former selected pile warp ends, fully lowering at least some of the former rejected pile warp ends, reversing the binder warps, fully lowering the stuifer warp, thus forming an upper shed and a lower shed, inserting a shot of weft in the lower shed and inserting a wire in the upper shed, retaining the binder warps unchanged, fully lowering the pile warp ends which were just previously raised over the wire, raising all other pile warp ends half way, raising the stuifer warp half way, thus forming a lower shed, and inserting a shot of weft in the lower shed.

4. The process of manipulating pile warp ends in a jacquard mechanism using lash hooks having lash knife hook ends and grate hook ends, a lash knife and a grate, which comprises concurrently moving the lash knife down and the grate up and thus bringing the lash hooks to an intermediate position and there selecting the lash books which are to be raised, raising the lash knife and thereby raising the selected lash hooks and concurrently lowering the grate and thereby lowering the rejected lash hooks, lowering the lash knife and concurrently raising the grate and thereby bringing the lash hooks to an intermediate position and there selecting lash hooks which are to be fetained atithein t erme'd te. positiomandthen retaining the lash knife in intermediate position while lowering the grate and thereby retaining the lash hooks at the intermediate ppsitionyhich,havebeen soselected to be retained while lowering all other lash hooks,

5. The process of claim 4 which comprises concurrently raising and lowering the lash knife and the grate thr ougla' equal distances. i

6. The method of selecting ends in a jacquard mechanism having lash hooks provided with lash knife hook ends and grate hook ends and having a lash knife and a grate, which comprises concurrently moving the lash knife and the grate relatively toward one another and thereby bringing lash hooks having lash knife hook ends on the lash knife down and lash hooks having grate hook ends on the grate up, selecting certain lash hooks at an intermediate position, and then concurrently moving the lash knife and the selected lash knife hook ends up to raise the selected lash hooks, and the grate down with the grate hook ends resting thereon to lower the rejected lash hooks.

7. In a jacquard mechanism for a loom, a card cylinder, cards therefor, selector needles cooperating with the cards, lash hooks operatively connected to the selector needle having lash knife hook ends and grate hook ends, a lash knife and a grate, in combination with means operative in a first position for moving the lash knife down to a selecting position of the needles until the lash knife hook ends of the selected lash hooks are engaged over the lash knife, effective in a second position for raising the lash knife and thus raising the selected lash hooks, effective in a third position for lowering the lash knife to a needle selecting position and thereby engaging lash knife hook ends of selected hooks over the lash knife and effective in a fourth position for retaining the lash knife in lowered position, and means effective in the first position concurrent with the movement of the lash knife down for moving the grate up to said selecting position of the needles, effective in said second position concurrent with the raising of the lash knife for'lowering the grate and thus lowering the rejected lash hooks, effective in said third position concurrent with the lowering of the lash knife for raising the grate to the said needle selecting position, and effective in said fourth position while the lash knife is retained in lowered position for lowering the grate and thereby lowering rejected lash hooks.

8. In a jacquard mechanism for a loom, a card cylinder, cards therefor, selector needles cooperative with the cards, lash hooks operatively connected to the selector needles having lash knife hook ends and grate hook ends, a lash knife, and a grate, in combination with means operative at a first and needle selecting position for lowering the lash knife and thereby engaging lash knife book ends of selected hooks over the lash knife, operative at a second position for raising the lash knife and thereby raising selected lash hooks, effective at a third and needle selecting position for lowering the lash knife and thereby engaging the lash knife hook ends of the selected lash hooks over the lash knife and effective at a fourth position for retaining the lash knife lowered, and means effective at the first position for raising the grate through a distance equal to the lowering of the lash knife at that position and thereby engaging the lash knife hook ends of selected hooks over the lash knife, and effective at said second position concurrently with the raising of the lash knife for lowering the grate through a distance equal to the distance of raising the lash knife at said second position and thereby lowering rejected lash hooks, eifective at said third position for raising the grate through a distance equal to the distance of lowering the lash knife at said third position and thereby engaging the lash knife hook ends of the selected lash hooks over the lash knife, and eifective at said fourth position while the lash knife 7 8 remains lowered for lowering the grate for the same 2,477,249 Harding Iuly26,1949 distance as the grate was raised in the third position 2,553,303 Crawford May 15, 1951 and thus lowering the rejected lash hooks. 2,573,841 Groat Nov. 6, 1951 2,649,862 Harding Aug. 25, 1953 References Cited in the file of this patent 5 2,685,894 Parlin Aug. 10, 1954 UNITED STATES PATENTS O G PATENTS 622,257 Pavia 4, 1899 814,846 France Mar, 30, 1937 2,295,696 Stoehr Sept. 15, 1942 

